l6  (ATCC)

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ion-Dependent ATPase Activity and Metabolic Gene Expression in TNF-α-Challenged Skeletal Muscle Cells: Mechanistic Characterisation of Carvacrol’s Bioenergetic Effects

doi: 10.3390/ijms27104511

Figure Lengend Snippet: Concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of carvacrol in L6 rat myoblasts. Cells were treated with increasing concentrations of carvacrol (0.75–100 µg/mL) for 24 h in the absence of TNF-α, and viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Note the mild but consistent reduction in viability at 6.25 µg/mL relative to control, and the marked concentration-dependent decline above 12.5 µg/mL approaching the IC 50 (∼60 µg/mL). Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *** p < 0.001 vs. control; ** p < 0.01 vs. control; * p < 0.05 vs. control (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD).

Article Snippet: L6 rat skeletal myoblasts (ATCC CRL-1458; RRID:CVCL_0385) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, MTT Assay, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ion-Dependent ATPase Activity and Metabolic Gene Expression in TNF-α-Challenged Skeletal Muscle Cells: Mechanistic Characterisation of Carvacrol’s Bioenergetic Effects

doi: 10.3390/ijms27104511

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytoprotective effect of post-TNF-α carvacrol treatment on L6 myoblast viability. Cells were pre-exposed to TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 1 h) to induce inflammatory stress, followed by treatment with carvacrol at the indicated concentrations for 24 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Data are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). *** p < 0.001 vs. untreated control (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD).

Article Snippet: L6 rat skeletal myoblasts (ATCC CRL-1458; RRID:CVCL_0385) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

Techniques: MTT Assay, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ion-Dependent ATPase Activity and Metabolic Gene Expression in TNF-α-Challenged Skeletal Muscle Cells: Mechanistic Characterisation of Carvacrol’s Bioenergetic Effects

doi: 10.3390/ijms27104511

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ion-dependent ATPase activities following TNF-α exposure and carvacrol treatment. L6 myoblasts were exposed to TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 1 h) followed by carvacrol (6.25 µg/mL, 24 h). Activities of Na + /K + -dependent, Ca 2+ -dependent, and Mg 2+ -dependent ATPases were assessed as ion-dependent ATP hydrolysis capacity by inorganic phosphate release. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3). *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD).

Article Snippet: L6 rat skeletal myoblasts (ATCC CRL-1458; RRID:CVCL_0385) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

Techniques:

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ion-Dependent ATPase Activity and Metabolic Gene Expression in TNF-α-Challenged Skeletal Muscle Cells: Mechanistic Characterisation of Carvacrol’s Bioenergetic Effects

doi: 10.3390/ijms27104511

Figure Lengend Snippet: LDH release following TNF-α exposure and carvacrol treatment. L6 myoblasts were exposed to TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 1 h) followed by carvacrol (6.25 µg/mL, 24 h). LDH activity in culture supernatants was quantified as an index of membrane damage. Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3). *** p < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD).

Article Snippet: L6 rat skeletal myoblasts (ATCC CRL-1458; RRID:CVCL_0385) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Membrane

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ion-Dependent ATPase Activity and Metabolic Gene Expression in TNF-α-Challenged Skeletal Muscle Cells: Mechanistic Characterisation of Carvacrol’s Bioenergetic Effects

doi: 10.3390/ijms27104511

Figure Lengend Snippet: Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities following TNF-α exposure and carvacrol treatment. L6 myoblasts were exposed to TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 1 h) followed by carvacrol (6.25 µg/mL, 24 h). Enzyme activities were normalised to total protein content (Bradford assay). Data are mean ± SEM (n = 3). *** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD).

Article Snippet: L6 rat skeletal myoblasts (ATCC CRL-1458; RRID:CVCL_0385) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

Techniques: Bradford Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Ion-Dependent ATPase Activity and Metabolic Gene Expression in TNF-α-Challenged Skeletal Muscle Cells: Mechanistic Characterisation of Carvacrol’s Bioenergetic Effects

doi: 10.3390/ijms27104511

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative mRNA expression of SIRT1 and AMPK following TNF-α exposure and carvacrol treatment. L6 myoblasts were exposed to TNF-α (10 ng/mL, 1 h) followed by carvacrol (6.25 µg/mL, 24 h). mRNA expression was quantified by quantitative RT-PCR using the 2 −ΔΔCt method and normalised to GAPDH. Data are expressed as fold change relative to the TNF-α-treated group and presented as mean ± SEM (n = 3). Significance level: ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05 (one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD).

Article Snippet: L6 rat skeletal myoblasts (ATCC CRL-1458; RRID:CVCL_0385) were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR